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1. Persons employed in cultural occupations according to the Labour Force Survey

The definition of cultural activities and occupations is not drawn precisely and the EU has developed a recommendation on how to define the field of culture. Therefore, there is no unambiguous solution as to how culture is calculated according to industry and occupation. The industrial activities and occupations used here are listed in more detail in the Quality Description. The used industrial classification is the Standard Industrial Classification 2008 and the used classification of occupations is the Classification of Occupations 2001.

The Labour Force Survey is a sample survey. As the group examined is relatively small, the size of the Labour Force Survey sample is not sufficient to describe its sub-groups reliably in all respects. However, the sample survey makes it possible for the interviewees to tell what their occupation is in their own opinion. It is assumed that the information obtained in this way describes better the actual total numbers of those employed in cultural occupations than the information based on registers. Culture consists of fairly small groups by their activities and occupational groups and therefore this survey presents results separately only when the estimated size of the group is around 10,000. Then the standard error for the result is about four per cent.

Employment has weakened in the cultural activities by over five per cent from 2010 to the end of 2012. In 2010, the activities employed approximately 117,860 people against around 124,480 in 2010 (Table 1)

Table 1. Persons employed in cultural industries according to the Labour Force Survey, variables TOL 2008

TOL 2008	Year
	2010	2011	2012
Publishing	16,611	17,167	17,238
Advertising	12,738	10,431	10,414
Artistic and literary creation	15,739	18,604	18,300
Libraries and archives and Museums activities and preservation of historical sites and buildings	11,966	13,983	13,199
Other industries	67,428	61,396	58,717

Employment dropped most in advertising, by around 2,300 employed persons. Employment in advertising was in 2012 only about 10,400.

Among other cultural activities, artistic and literary creation in turn increased. When in 2010 the number of employed persons was around 15,700, the number of employed persons was already about 18,300 in 2012.

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities and operation of historical sites and buildings and similar visitor attractions employed better in 2012 than in 2010.The number of employed persons went up by 1,200 and was 13,200 at the end of 2012.

Publishing employed around 17,230 persons in 2012, while in 2010 this figure was about 16,610.

Other cultural activities dropped by an average of 13 per cent from 2010 to 2012, when they employed around 58,700 persons.

The industrial classification used in the Standard Industrial Classification 2008, whose data are not comparable with the employment data produced with the Standard Industrial Classification 2002.

However, the development of employment in cultural occupations has been better than that of total employment. From 2005, it has improved by over 15 per cent and the number of employed persons in 2012 was more than 83,000. Growth from the previous year amounted to over two per cent. During the corresponding period, total employment has improved by just around 3.4 per cent (Table 2).

Table 2. Employment in cultural occupations

Occupation	Year
	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
In artistic occupations	10,865	11,296	11,427	12,238	12,499	12,392	11,974	11,718
Graphic, art and craft designers and related artists	8,015	9,110	10,532	11,968	12,214	12,446	12,446	10,449
Journalists	14,396	13,972	12,798	13,931	13,853	13,926	14,001	13,718
Other occupations	38,919	40,417	40,444	39,479	37,559	39,847	43,304	47,577
Total	72,195	74,795	75,201	77,616	76,125	78,611	81,725	83,463

The development has been particularly favourable for graphic, art and craft designers, whose employment has improved by around 30 per cent from 2005. However, employment has dropped considerably from 2011 to 2012, by around 16 per cent. The number of employed persons in 2012 was approximately 10,450

Employment of those with artistic occupations has also improved from 2005. In 2012, the number of employed persons was around 11,718, which was eight per cent more than in 2005.

The number of journalists was in 2012 around 13,718, nearly five per cent fewer than in 2005. Their number fell by a couple of per cent from 2011 to 2012.

Data on employment figures in occupations are produced with the Classification of Occupations, although a new Classification of Occupations is used in the Labour Force Survey. By using an older classification, we have been able to examine a longer period than by adopting the new classification.

Source: Cultural statistics 2012, Statistics Finland

Inquiries: Kaisa Weckström 09 1734 2348, kulttuuri.tilastokeskus@stat.fi

Director in charge: Riitta Harala

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Updated 23.8.2013