Home > Statistics > Quarterly sector accounts > 2019 > 2nd quarter > Sector-specific review on the data for the second quarter of 2019

Sector-specific review on the data for the second quarter of 2019

Households

Compared with the corresponding quarter last year, households’ disposable income increased by 4.2 per cent in the second quarter of 2019. The key components of disposable income on the income side are wages and salaries received, entrepreneurial and property income, and social benefits received. The biggest individual expense items are taxes paid and social contributions.

Compared to the figures one year ago, disposable income grew mainly due to a growth of almost EUR 0.7 billion in received compensations of employees, an increase of good EUR 0.7 billion in property income, and of around EUR 0.2 billion in entrepreneurial income. There was not much changes in social contributions received from the corresponding quarter of the previous year. On the expense side, the largest increase was seen in social contributions paid, which increased by close on EUR 0.5 billion. Both property expenditure and paid taxes were nearly on level with the previous year's corresponding quarter. Consumption expenditure is estimated to have grown by around EUR 400 million compared with the figures in 2018.

When received social benefits in kind are added to the disposable income of households, the household adjusted disposable income is derived, which is the indicator recommended by the OECD for measuring economic well-being. Social benefits in kind refer to education, health and social services produced by general government and non-profit institutions serving households. In the second quarter of 2019, adjusted disposable income grew at current prices by 3.4 per cent (in nominal terms) and adjusted for price changes by 2.7 per cent (in real terms) from the corresponding quarter of the year before. The volume indicator describing the development of adjusted disposable income adjusted for price changes can be found in Appendix table 3 of this publication.

Households' seasonally adjusted saving rate was 1.9 per cent in the second quarter of 2019. In the previous quarter, the saving rate stood at -0.1 per cent. The saving rate is derived by deducting consumption expenditure from disposable income. The saving rate is negative if households' consumption expenditure is higher than their disposable income. Households' seasonally adjusted investment rate was 14.0 per cent of disposable income in the second quarter of 2019, which was 0.3 percentage points lower than the corresponding data of the previous quarter. Most of households' investments are investments in dwellings.

Compensation of employees paid by non-profit institutions serving households increased by good two per cent compared with the quarter of one year ago.

In these statistics, the households sector covers only the actual households sector S14. Sector S15, non-profit institutions serving households, is calculated and published separately. In Eurostat’s publication, the households sector also includes the data for sector S15. Another difference to Eurostat's publication is in how consumption of fixed capital is taken into account. Eurostat publishes investment and saving rates as gross figures. Net data are used in these statistics, that is, when consumption of fixed capital is considered, the saving rate decreases and the investment rate increases.

Non-financial corporations sector’s profits on level with the previous quarter

In the second quarter of 2019, the seasonally adjusted profit share of non-financial corporations remained at the previous quarter's level, at 32.7 per cent. The profit share of non-financial corporations has long been on the rise. In the second quarter of 2018, the profit share was 31.7 per cent. The profit share refers to the share of the operating surplus in value added. The profit share did not change from the previous quarter because the non-financial corporations sector's value added and compensation of employees increased in relative terms by equal amounts. The investment rate of non-financial corporations, or the proportion of fixed capital investments in value added declined slightly from the previous quarter to 26.3 per cent.

Profits of financial and insurance corporations decreased

The seasonally adjusted value added of the sector increased by 0.2 per cent in the second quarter from the corresponding quarter in 2018. Output went up by 7.1 per cent and intermediate consumption by 13.6 per cent. The changes compared to the values one year ago are largely explained by international group changes in the sector. The operating surplus describing profits in the sector declined by 8.4 per cent from EUR 739 million in the corresponding quarter one year ago to EUR 677 million. Compensations of employees, in turn, went up by 2.5 per cent from the respective quarter of the year before. Value added and operating surplus describe the income that is generated from providing financial services to the public. It does not include property income or holding gains of securities.

Financial position of general government weakened slightly from a year ago

In April to June 2019, consolidated total general government revenue grew by EUR 740 million from the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Consolidated expenditure increased by EUR 940 million. The difference between revenue and expenditure, that is, the surplus (net lending) of general government weakened by EUR 200 million and amounted to EUR 1.8 billion. Of the sub-sectors, the financial surplus of social security funds improved considerably year-on-year while the surplus seen in the local government sector last year turned to deficit General government is comprised of central government, local government and social security funds. Consolidated total revenue and expenditure are figures in which flows between the general government sub-sectors have been eliminated. More detailed statistics, where the sub-sectors are specified, are published in the quarterly sector accounts of general government: General government revenue and expenditure by qarter .

Dividends paid pushed the current account into deficit

Exports of goods abroad from Finland amounted to EUR 16.4 billion in the second quarter of 2019. Exports of the goods were nearly on level with the corresponding quarter in 2018. Exports of services amounted to EUR 7.2 billion, which was EUR 0.8 billion more than one year ago. Imports of goods to Finland amounted to EUR 16.1 billion. Compared to one year ago, the value of imports of goods increased by EUR 0.6 billion (4.2 per cent). Imports of services amounted to EUR 7.9 billion, which was EUR 0.5 billion more than one year ago. The balance of goods and services showed a deficit of 0.3 billion.

Property income includes dividends, interests and reinvested earnings. A considerable amount of dividends were paid from Finland to abroad in the second quarter of 2019, and thus property income paid abroad were some EUR 2.8 billion higher than property income received from abroad. Current transfers paid abroad from Finland were around EUR 0.5 billion higher than current transfers paid from abroad to Finland. The most significant current transfer item is the GNI payment paid by the state to the EU.

The current account was EUR 3.6 billion in deficit in the second quarter of 2019.

Data and methods used

The quarterly data become revised as source data are updated. The biggest revisions take place for the last two to three years, because the data in the annual accounts are still preliminary. Examined by quarter, the biggest revisions occur in the release for the second quarter at the turn of September and October and in the release for the fourth quarter at the turn of March and April. These revisions are caused by updated annual national accounts data. The data in the publication are based on the data sources available by 13/09/2019. The data for 1999 to 2018 mainly correspond with the annual sector accounts of the national accounts, although the updating of source data may cause differences to the previous annual accounts release.

The saving rate, profit share and investment rate in the quarterly publication of sector accounts are net amounts, i.e. consumption of fixed capital has been removed from the figures. The key indicators in these statistics were calculated as follows:

Households' saving rate = B8N / (B6N+D8R)

Households' investment rate = P51K / (B6N+D8R)

Profit share of non-financial corporations = B2N / B1NPH

Investment rate of non-financial corporations = P51K / B1NPH

The volume indicator, measuring the development of households' adjusted disposable income, adjusted for price changes and its change percentages can be found in Appendix table 3 of this publication. This volume indicator is calculated using the price data of the statistics on quarterly national accounts, with which the components of adjusted disposable income are deflated. Households' disposable income is deflated with the implicit price index of household consumption expenditure. Price data are also available for the consumption of non-profit institutions serving households. As a methodological shortcoming, general government individual consumption expenditure has to be deflated with the total general government consumption expenditure for lack of more accurate data. The volume time series was formed with the annual overlap method.

Source: Sector accounts, Statistics Finland

Inquiries: Jarkko Kaunisto 029 551 3551, Katri Soinne 029 551 2778, kansantalous.suhdanteet@stat.fi

Director in charge: Ville Vertanen

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Updated 27.9.2019