Home > Statistics > Employment > 2019 > Industry, employer sector and jobs > 2. Professional differentiation among wage and salary earners and entrepreneurs in 2019 and 2014

2. Professional differentiation among wage and salary earners and entrepreneurs in 2019 and 2014

The share of wage and salary earners working in equal occupations among all wage and salary earners was ten per cent in 2019, unchanged from 2014. The share of entrepreneurs working in equal occupations was 16 per cent in 2019, an increase of 3 percentage points from 2014.

Figure 1. Number of wage and salary earners in various segregation classes in 2014 and 2019

Professional differentiation by sex, segregation, is based on the classification of occupational groups by gender proportions. The strength of the segregation is determined based on how many persons work in equal occupational groups.

Table 1. 5-class segregation classification of occupations

Segregation class	The occupational groups in which
Female occupation	women > 90 %
Female-dominated occupation	60 % < share of women <= 90 %
Equal occupation	40 % <= share of women / men <=60 %
Male-dominated occupation	60 % < share of men <= 90 %
Male occupation	men > 90 %

Occupational segregation among wage and salary earners and entrepreneurs is examined in the following sections based on the 5-digit level of the Classification of Occupations 2010.

2.1 Share of wage and salary earners working in equal occupations equal to five years earlier

In 2019, 9.9 per cent of all wage and salary earners were in so-called equal occupational groups, where the share of different sexes among those included in the occupational group is 40 to 60 per cent.. The share was almost the same as five years earlier. The share of wage and salary earners working in equal occupations among all wage and salary earners (excl. occupational data missing) was 9.8 % in 2014..

For wage and salary earners, the most evenly divided occupational groups in 2019 were restaurant managers (300 persons in total of whom 50.3 per cent women and 49.7 per cent men), building architects (3,600 persons in total of whom 49.5 per cent women and 50.5 per cent men), and head teachers (universities of applied sciences) (700 persons in total of whom 49.4 per cent women and 50.6 per cent men).

In 2019, wage and salary earners’ most common equal occupational groups were advertising and marketing professionals (17,100 persons), food and related products machine operators (14,400 persons) and vocational education teachers (12,600 persons).

Table 2. Wage and salary earners aged 18 to 74 in segregation classes in 2019 ¹⁾

Correction on 26 October 2022. The corrections are indicated in red.
Segregation class	Wage and salary earners	Share of wage and salary earners, %	Women	Share of women, %	Men	Share of men, %
Female occupations	289,815	14.0	270,746	25.2	19,069	1.9
Female-dominated occupations	756,304	36.5	571,078	53.1	185,226	18.5
Equal occupations	205,254	9.9	103,755	9.7	101,499	10.2
Male-dominated occupations	489,341	23.6	112,385	10.5	376,956	37.7
Male occupations	333,938	16.1	17,062	1.6	316,876	31.7
Total	2,074,652	100	1,075,026	100	999,626	100

1) Segregation classes are based on 5-digit level occupation groups of the Classification of Occupations 2010. Shares in table are shares of those wage and salary earners who had occupational groups. Wage and salary earners were 2,133,398, total, from which share of women was 51.7 per cent and share of men was 48.3 per cent. The data on occupations remained unknown for some 3 per cent of all wage and salary earners, for some 2.5 per cent of all female wage and salary earners and for 3.1 per cent of male wage and salary earners in 2019.
2.2 Share of entrepreneurs working in equal occupations among all entrepreneurs has grown

In 2019, a total of 16.2 per cent of all entrepreneurs were in equal occupations, where the share of different sexes among those included in the occupational groups is 40 to 60 per cent. The share of entrepreneurs working in equal occupations among all entrepreneurs in 2019 (excl. occupational data missing) increased by 3.3 percentage points from 2014.

The examination disregards the fact that women's share of all entrepreneurs was only 34 per cent.

Figure 2. Number of entrepreneurs in various segregation classes in 2014 and 2019

For entrepreneurs, the most evenly divided occupational groups were journalists (in total around 90 persons, of whom 50.6 per cent were women and 49.4 per cent men), sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals (in total around 60 persons, of whom 50.8 per cent are women and 49.2 per cent men) and domestic housekeepers (a total of 540 persons, of whom 49.0 per cent were women and 51.0 per cent men).

In 2019, the most common equal occupational groups of entrepreneurs were shop keepers (small entrepreneurs) (8,400 persons), mixed crop and animal producers (4,900 persons) and restaurant services supervisors and shift managers (4,400 persons).

Table 3. Entrepreneurs aged 18 to 74 in segregation classes in 2019 ¹⁾

Correction on 26 October 2022. The corrections are indicated in red.
Segregation class	Entrepreneurs	Share of entrepreneurs, %	Women	Share of women, %	Men	Share of men, %
Female occupations	13,515	6.3	12,514	18.0	1,001	0.7
Female-dominated occupations	21,498	10.0	14,965	21.5	6,533	4.5
Equal occupations	34,683	16.2	16,406	23.6	18,277	12.6
Male-dominated occupations	93,361	43.6	22,595	32.4	70,766	48.9
Male occupations	51,224	23.9	3,172	4.6	48,052	33.2
Total	214,281	100	69,652	100	144,629	100

1) Segregation classes are based on 5-digit level occupation groups of the Classification of Occupations 2010. Shares in table are shares of those entrepreneurs who had occupational groups. Entrepreneurs were 240,128 total, from which share of women was 33.9 per cent and share of men was 66.1 per cent. The data on occupations remained unknown for some 10.8 per cent of all entrepreneurs, for some 14.5 per cent of all female entrepreneurs and for 8.8 per cent of male entrepreneurs in 2019.

Source: Employment Statistics, Statistics Finland

Inquiries: Juho Keva 029 551 3601, info@stat.fi

Head of Department in charge: Hannele Orjala

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Updated 18.11.2021